Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n’ibisabwa kwiyongera mu kuzamura ibidukikije no gukomeza gushimangira ingamba zo kurwanya umwanda w’igihugu, inganda z’ibikoresho by’ibinyabuzima by’Ubushinwa zatanze amahirwe akomeye yo kwiteza imbere.
Ibikoresho bishya bishobora kwangirika, biyobowe na plastiki y’ibinyabuzima, bifatwa nkigisubizo cyiza kuri “umwanda wera” wa plastiki zikoreshwa, ziragenda zimenyeshwa abantu cyane.
Ibikurikira, ndashaka kumenyekanisha bimwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubinyabuzima.
PLA
Acide Polylactique (Poly lactic aside PLA) nicyo kintu gikoreshwa cyane cyangirika, kizwi kandi nka polylactide, kitabaho muri kamere kandi muri rusange kiba gifite polimerike hamwe na aside ya lactique nkibikoresho nyamukuru.
Ihame rusange ni uko ibikoresho fatizo bya krahisi byeguriwe glucose, hanyuma glucose na bagiteri zimwe na zimwe bikarekurwa kugira ngo bibyare aside irike cyane, hanyuma aside polylactique ifite uburemere bwa molekile ikomatanyirizwa hamwe na synthesis.
PBAT.
PBAT ni plastiki ya biopgradable ya plastike. Ni copolymer ya butylene adipate na butylene terephthalate. Ifite ibiranga byombi PBA na PBT. Ntabwo ifite gusa guhindagurika no kuramba kuruhuka, ahubwo ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe hamwe ningaruka. Mubyongeyeho, ifite kandi ibinyabuzima byiza cyane.
Muri byo, ibikoresho fatizo nka butanediol, aside ya oxyde na PTA biraboneka byoroshye kandi birashobora gutunganywa cyane muburyo bwinshi, nko guterwa inshinge, kubumba ibishishwa, kubumba ibishishwa nibindi.
Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki biodegradable bikoreshwa ku rugero runini ku isoko byarahinduwe cyangwa byuzuzanya, aho PBAT ikoreshwa cyane na PLA. Kurugero, umufuka wa plastiki wibinyabuzima ukoreshwa murwego runini ni ibikoresho bigize PLA na PBAT.
Kugereranya porogaramu zo hasi hagati ya PBAT na PLA
PBS.
PBS yitwa polybutylene succinate. Mu myaka ya za 90, Isosiyete ya Showa Polymer yo mu Buyapani yakoresheje bwa mbere isocyanate mu rwego rwo kwagura urunigi kandi ikora hamwe na polyester ifite uburemere buke bwa polyester ikomatanyirizwa hamwe na Polycondensation ya dicarboxylic glycol kugirango itegure polymers zifite uburemere buke. PBS polyester yatangiye gukurura abantu benshi nkubwoko bushya bwa plastiki ibora. Ugereranije nizindi gakondo za biodegradable polyester, PBS ifite ibyiza byo kugiciro gito cyumusaruro, ugereranije no gushonga cyane, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza hamwe nubukanishi. Inkomoko yacyo ntishobora kuboneka gusa mubikomoka kuri peteroli, ariko no mubutaka bwa fermentation. ukurikije ko peteroli nibindi bikoresho bidasubirwaho bigenda birushaho kunanirwa, ibi biranga bifite akamaro gakomeye.
Incamake, kugereranya ibintu bifatika hagati ya PBS, PLS, PBAT na PHA
Kugeza ubu, ibintu bifatika bya plastiki ikoreshwa cyane biratandukanye. PLA ifite gukorera mu mucyo, kurabagirana, gushonga hejuru n'imbaraga, ariko ubukana buke hamwe na kristu. PBAT ifite ibiranga PBA na PBT, kandi ifite guhindagurika no kuramba mugihe cyo kuruhuka. Ariko inzitizi zamazi zamazi hamwe na bariyeri ya ogisijeni irakennye. PBS ifite amazi meza, irwanya ubushyuhe nibintu byuzuye, idirishya ryubushyuhe bwo gutunganya, kandi ifite imikorere myiza yo gutunganya muri plastiki yangirika kwisi yose. Ubushyuhe bwo guhindura ubushyuhe bwa PBS buri hafi 100C, kandi burashobora kuba hejuru ya 100C nyuma yo guhinduka. Ariko, PBS ifite kandi ibitagenda neza nkimbaraga nke zo gushonga hamwe nigipimo cyo gutinda buhoro. Kubijyanye na biodegradabilite, imiterere yo kwangirika kwa PLA irakomeye, PBS na PBAT biroroshye guteshwa agaciro. Twabibutsa ko ibinyabuzima bya PLA, PBS na PBAT bidashobora kubaho mu bihe ibyo aribyo byose, kandi ubusanzwe byangizwa na enzymes na mikorobe mu bidukikije by’ifumbire, ubutaka, amazi n’amazi akora.
Mu ncamake, imikorere yibikoresho bya pulasitiki imwe yangirika ifite inenge zayo, ariko nyuma ya cololymerisation, kuvanga, abafasha nibindi byahinduwe, irashobora ahanini gukwirakwiza ikoreshwa rya plastiki zikoreshwa nka PE, PP mubipfunyika, imyenda, ibikoresho byo kumeza n'ibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20-12-22