Polymers nziza - Polymers iringaniza imitungo yumubiri - ingaruka zibidukikije - ntukibaho, ariko Polybuslene Terephthalate (PBAT) yegereye gutungana kuruta benshi.
Nyuma yimyaka mirongo yananiwe guhagarika ibicuruzwa byabo birangirira mumyanda ninyanja, abafata abanyamahane ba synthemeti bafite igitutu cyo gufata inshingano. Benshi barimo guhindura imbaraga zabo zo guteza imbere gutunganya ibicuruzwa byo kunegura. Andi masosiyete aragerageza gukemura ikibazo cya Shostic ashingiye kuri Plastigrafike cya Biodegradable nka Acide Polylackic (Plahydroxy Acide ya Acide (Phalyhydroxy (Phalyhydroxy azagabanya byibuze zimwe mu myanda imwe.
Ariko byombi byo gutunganya no biopolymers bahura ninzitizi. Kurugero, nubwo habaye imyaka myinshi, Amerika iracyatanga amafaranga make 10 ku ijana bya plastike. Kandi polmeri ishingiye kuri bio - akenshi ibicuruzwa bya fermentation - birarwana no kugera kumikorere nubunini bwa polymeti ya synthetic bigamije gusimbuza.
PBAT ihuza bimwe mubintu byingirakamaro bya polymers ishingiye kuri synthique na bio. Bikomoka ku bicuruzwa bisanzwe bya peterolochemique - aside terephthalic (PTA), Butanediol na Acide acide, ariko ni bizima. Nka polymenyo ya sintetike, irashobora gukorwa byoroshye, kandi ifite imitungo yumubiri yari ikeneye gukora firime zihinduka zigereranywa niya plastiki gakondo.
Gushishikazwa muri PBAT biri kugenda. Abakora ibicuruzwa byashyizweho nkubudage basf na NovOnt's Nowatont barimo kubona byiyongera nyuma yimyaka mirongo yo kurera isoko. Bahujwe nabarenga kimwe cya kabiri cya salonn abakora ibikorwa bya Aziya utegereje ubucuruzi kuri polymer kugirango bakure nk'ubutegetsi bw'akarere basunika kuramba.
Marc Verbrugben, wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru wa LA, ubungubu umujyanama wigenga, yizera ko PBAT ari "Ibyemera ko PBAT ihinduka ibinyabuzima ari imbere PBS) n'abanywanyi. Kandi birashoboka ko ari hamwe na pla nka plastiki ebyiri zidasanzwe ziodegrapadeable, avuga ko ari ibicuruzwa byiganje kubisabwa bikomeye.
Ramani Narayan, umwarimu wo kugurisha imiti muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan, aho kuba imbeba ya Ester, aho kuba skeleton ya karubone, karuri ya karubone muri karubone muri polymes idatesha agaciro nka polythylene. Ester Bonds ni hydrolyzed kandi yangijwe na enzymes.
Kurugero, aside ya Polylactic na PRO ni polyesters itesha agaciro mugihe ari uguca. Ariko polyester ikunze kugaragara - Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet), ikoreshwa muri fibre nibikoresho bya soda - ntibisenyuka byoroshye. Ni ukubera ko impeta ya aromatiya muri skeleton yayo iva muri PTA. Nk'uko Narayan abivuga, impeta itanga imitungo ifatika kandi ikora amatungo ya hydrophobic. Ati: "Amazi ntabwo byoroshye kwinjiza kandi bitinda inzira zose za hydrolyse".
Basf ituma Polybute Terephthalate (PBT), polstester ikozwe muri Butanediol. Abashakashatsi b'ikigo bashakishaga polymed biodegradable bashobora kubyara byoroshye. Basimbuye PTA muri PBT hamwe no guhinga acide glycolic. Muri ubu buryo, ibice byimpumuro ya polymer biratandukanye kugirango bikosorwe. Mugihe kimwe, PTA ihagije kugirango itange polymer imitungo yingirakamaro yumubiri.
Narayan yemera ko PBAT ihumeka gato kuruta PLA, bisaba ifumbire yinganda zo kubora. Ariko ntishobora guhangana nibibanza bihari, bikosowe mubintu bisanzwe, ndetse no mubidukikije.
Inzobere zikunze kugereranya imitungo yumubiri ya PBAT kugeza hasi-ubucucike bwa polyethlene, polymer ya elastike ikoreshwa mugukora firime, nkimifuka yimyanda.
PBAT ikunze kuvangwa na Pla, polymer ikomeye hamwe na polystyrene-nkumutungo. Ikirango cya Ecovio cya Bisf gishingiye kuri uru ruvange. Kurugero, verbrungben ivuga ko umufuka wubucuruzi ufunzwe mubisanzwe urimo 85% PBAT 85% na 15%.
Novamont yongeraho urundi rwego kuri resept. Isosiyete ivanze PBAT nandi Biodegradable Aliphatic Aromatic Polyester hamwe nimirongo yo gukora resive kubisabwa.
Stefano Faceco, umuyobozi mushya witerambere ryubucuruzi, yagize ati: "Mu myaka 30 ishize, NovOn yibanze ku ikoreshwa aho ubushobozi bwo gutesha agaciro bushobora kongerera agaciro ibicuruzwa ubwabyo. "
Isoko rinini rya PBAT ni ibibyimba, bikwirakwira mu bihingwa kugirango twirinde urumamfu no gufasha kugumana ubushuhe. Iyo filime ya polyethylene ikoreshwa, igomba gukururwa kandi akenshi ishyingurwa mumyanda. Ariko firime za biodegradable zirashobora guhingwa mu butaka.
Irindi soko rinini ni imifuka yimyanda yimyanda yo muri serivisi y'ibiryo no gukusanya urugo rwibiribwa n'imyanda yo mu gikari.
Amashashi avuye mubigo nka Biobag, iherutse kuboneka na Novamont, yagurishijwe kubacuruzi imyaka myinshi.
Kohereza Igihe: 26-11-21