Hejuru-Ubushyuhe-Kurwanya Polymers Kubibazo Byinshi-Porogaramu

Muri iki gihe, inganda zisaba inganda, ibice bihora bisunikwa ku mbibi zabo. Ubushyuhe bukabije, umuvuduko ukabije, hamwe n’imiti ikaze ni bike mu bibazo byugarije ibikoresho. Muri iyi porogaramu, polymers gakondo akenshi igwa mugufi, itesha agaciro cyangwa gutakaza imikorere munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi. Kubwamahirwe, igisekuru gishya cya polymers irwanya ubushyuhe cyaragaragaye, gitanga imikorere idasanzwe mubidukikije bikabije.

Iyi ngingo yinjiye mwisi yimikorere-yimikorere myinshi, irwanya ubushyuhe polymers. Tuzasesengura ibintu byingenzi bituma bikenerwa gusaba, tuganire ku bwoko butandukanye bwa polymers irwanya ubushyuhe, kandi tunasuzume imikoreshereze yabyo.

Gusobanukirwa Kurwanya Ubushyuhe muri Polymers

Kurwanya ubushyuhe, bizwi kandi ko bitajegajega, bivuga ubushobozi bwa polymer bwo kugumana imiterere n'imiterere iyo bihuye n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ibi nibyingenzi kugirango habeho uburinganire bwimikorere nubushuhe bwibidukikije. Ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mu kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa polymer:

• Ubushyuhe bw'Ibirahure (Tg):Ubu ni bwo bushyuhe aho polymer iva mu buryo bukomeye, ibirahuri bikagera kuri rubberi nyinshi. Polymers ifite agaciro ka Tg yerekana ubushyuhe bwiza.
• Ubushyuhe bwo Kubora Ubushyuhe (Td):Nubushyuhe aho polymer itangira kumeneka muburyo bwa shimi. Polimeri ifite agaciro ka Td irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru mbere yo kwangirika.
• Imiterere ya shimi:Itondekanya ryihariye rya atome nubusabane murwego rwa polymer bigira ingaruka kumyuka yubushyuhe. Polimeri ifite imiyoboro ya covalent ikomeye muri rusange yerekana ubushyuhe bwiza.

Ubwoko bwa Polymers irwanya ubushyuhe

Ubwoko butandukanye bwimikorere ya polymers itanga ubushyuhe budasanzwe kubikorwa bitandukanye. Dore reba bumwe muburyo bukunze kugaragara:

• Polyimide (PI):Azwiho kuba indashyikirwa zidasanzwe, PI zirata Tg na Td indangagaciro. Zikoreshwa cyane mu kirere, mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, no mu modoka zikoresha ibinyabiziga bitewe n’imikorere myiza ya mashini ndetse no mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
• Polyetherketone (PEEK):PEEK itanga uburyo budasanzwe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya imiti, nimbaraga za mashini. Irasanga ibisabwa mubice bisaba ubushakashatsi nka peteroli na gaze, ibinyabiziga, hamwe nubuvuzi.
• Fluoropolymers (PTFE, PFA, FEP):Uyu muryango wa polymers, harimo na Teflon ™, ugaragaza ubushyuhe budasanzwe no kurwanya imiti. Bikunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi, hamwe no gutwikira inkoni kubera imiterere mike yo guterana.
• Polimeri ya Silicone:Izi polymers zitandukanye zitanga ubushyuhe bwiza, elastique, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwamashanyarazi. Zikoreshwa cyane mu gaseke, kashe, hamwe na hose mu nganda zitandukanye.
• Thermoplastique ikora cyane (PEEK, PPS, PSU):Iterambere rya thermoplastique ryirata ubushyuhe budasanzwe, imbaraga za mashini, hamwe no kutagira umuriro. Zikoreshwa cyane mugusaba porogaramu nkibice byimodoka, ibice byamashanyarazi, hamwe nindege.

Porogaramu ya Polymers irwanya ubushyuhe

Polimeri irwanya ubushyuhe igira uruhare runini mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda. Dore ingero zimwe zingenzi:

• Ikirere:Ibice bya moteri, ingabo zubushyuhe, nibice byubatswe mu ndege bisaba kwihanganira ubushyuhe budasanzwe kugirango bihangane nubushyuhe bukabije.
• Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki:Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyacapwe, umuhuza wamashanyarazi, hamwe nububiko bwa IC bishingikiriza kumashanyarazi yihanganira ubushyuhe kugirango ihagarare neza kandi ikore neza mubushuhe.
• Imodoka:Ibikoresho bya moteri, munsi-ya-hood, hamwe nipine ikora cyane yunguka polymers idashobora guhangana nubushyuhe bushobora guhangana nubushyuhe bwinshi nibidukikije bikaze.
• Ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli na gaze:Ibice bya Downhole, imiyoboro, hamwe na kashe ikoreshwa mugukuramo peteroli na gaze bisaba ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije nigitutu.
• Gutunganya imiti:Imashini zikoresha imiti, ibigega byo kubikamo, hamwe na sisitemu yo kuvoma akenshi ikora amazi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’imiti, bisaba polimeri irwanya ubushyuhe kandi irwanya imiti.
• Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga:Ibikoresho byubuvuzi bidasubirwaho, ibikoresho byo kuboneza urubyaro, nibikoresho byo kubaga bikenera ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira uburyo bwo gukora isuku no kwanduza indwara birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Kazoza ka Polymers irwanya ubushyuhe

Imbaraga nubushakashatsi niterambere bikomeje gusunika imbibi zo kurwanya ubushyuhe muri polymers. Ibikoresho bishya bifite agaciro gakomeye Tg na Td biratezwa imbere, bitanga ubundi buryo bushoboka bwo guhangayikishwa cyane. Byongeye kandi, kwibanda ku gushyira mu bikorwa amahame arambye biganisha ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe na bio-ishingiye ku bushyuhe bwa polymers kugirango igabanye ibidukikije.

Umwanzuro

Polimeri irwanya ubushyuhe igira uruhare runini mugushoboza gukora neza kandi byizewe bisaba inganda zikoreshwa. Gusobanukirwa ibintu byingenzi nubwoko buboneka butuma abajenjeri nabashushanya guhitamo ibikoresho bibereye kubikenewe byihariye. Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, ejo hazaza haratanga amasezerano kuri polimeri zidasanzwe zirwanya ubushyuhe, bikarushaho gusunika imipaka yibishobora kugerwaho ahantu habi cyane.