Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burwanya polymers kubisabwa byinshi

Muri iki gihe bisaba ahantu nyaburanga, ibice bihora bisunikwa ku kabuza. Ubushyuhe bukabije, igitutu kinini, n'imiti bibi ni bike mu mbogamizi zikoreshwa nabi. Muri ibi bikorwa, polymes gakondo akenshi igwa mugufi, gutesha agaciro cyangwa gutakaza imikorere yubushyuhe bukabije. Kubwamahirwe, igisekuru gishya cyubushyuhe-polymers cyagaragaye, gitanga imikorere idasanzwe mubidukikije.

Iyi ngingo yirukana mwisi yimikorere miremire, polyment-irwanya ubushyuhe. Tuzasesengura imitungo yingenzi ituma bakwiriye gusaba ibyifuzo, muganire ubwoko butandukanye bwibintu birwanya ubushyuhe, no gusuzuma isi yabo.

Gusobanukirwa ubushyuhe muri polymers

Ubushyuhe, uzwi kandi kubwo gushikama, bivuga ubushobozi bwa polymer bwo gukomeza imiterere n'imitungo iyo bihuye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ibi ni ngombwa kugirango ushireho ubusugire n'imikorere ahantu henshi. Ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mu kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa Polymer:

• Ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho (TG):Ubu ni ubushyuhe inzibacyuho za polymer ziva mu gishanga, ikirahure kugera ku rubindi. Polymes hamwe na TG yo hejuru ya TG igaragaza kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza.
• Ubushyuhe bwo kubora ubushyuhe (TD):Ubu ni ubushyuhe polymer itangira gusenyuka mbonera. Polymers hamwe na TD Ac indangagaciro zirashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru mbere yo gutesha agaciro.
• Imiterere yimiti:Gahunda yihariye ya atome niminyururu mumurongo wa polymer igira ingaruka kumutekano wacyo. Polymes hamwe nimibare ikomeye muri rusange igaragaza kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza.

Ubwoko bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe

Ibinyuranyo bitandukanye cyane muri polymers bitanga ubushyuhe budasanzwe bwo gusaba bitandukanye. Dore inzira imwe muburyo busanzwe:

• Poliimide (PI):Azwiho gushikama kwabo, pis yirata tg na td indangagaciro. Bakoreshwa cyane muri aerospace, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, hamwe nibikoresho byimodoka bitewe nibintu byabo byiza bya manikari ndetse no ku bushyuhe bwinshi.
• Polyerketone (peek):Peek atanga igipimo kidasanzwe cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya imiti, n'imbaraga za robini. Ibona ibyifuzo mugusaba imirenge isaba nka peteroli na gaze, ibice byimodoka, nubuvuzi.
• FluoRollymers (PTFE, PFA, FEP):Uyu muryango wa polymers, harimo Teflon ™, Erekana ubushyuhe budasanzwe nubuhanga bwo kurwanya imiti. Bakunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi, sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi, hamwe no guhuza bidashidika kubera imitungo yabo mike.
• Polymene silicone:Iyi polymers itandukanye itanga ubushyuhe bwiza, elastique, hamwe namashanyarazi. Bakoreshwa cyane muri gaskes, kashe, n'amazu mu nganda zitandukanye.
• Ibikorwa byinshi cyane (peek, PPS, Psu):Aya mabere maremare yirata ubushyuhe buhebuje, imbaraga za mashini, na flame redari. Bigenda bikoreshwa mugusaba ibyifuzo nkibice byimodoka, ibice by'amashanyarazi, hamwe ninzego ya aerospace.

Porogaramu yo kurwanya ubushyuhe

Polymes-irwanya ubushyuhezi cyane zigira uruhare runini mubice bitandukanye byinganda. Dore ingero zimwe z'ingenzi:

• Aerospace:Ibigize moteri, inkinzo z'ubushyuhe, n'ibice by'imiterere mu ndege bisaba kurwanya ubushyuhe budasanzwe kugirango uhangane n'ubushyuhe bukabije.
• Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki:Ibibaho byumuzunguruko, guhuza amashanyarazi, na IC yapakiye byishingikirije kuri polymes irwanya ubushyuhe kugirango ituze ryizewe hamwe n'imikorere yizewe mubushyuhe bukabije.
• Automotive:Ibice bigize amato, munsi-Hood Ibice, hamwe n'amapine yo hejuru yungukirwa na polymers irwanya ubushyuhe ishobora gukora ubushyuhe bwinshi nibidukikije bikaze.
• Ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli na gaze:Ibigize Downhole, imiyoboro, na kashe ikoreshwa mumavuta ya peteroli na gaze bisaba ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije.
• Gutunganya imiti:Ibikorwa bya shimi, ibigega byo kubika, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucamo ibice bikunze gutunganya imizi yubushyuhe bwinshi n'imiti, bisaba ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya imiti.
• Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi:Ibikoresho byubuvuzi byangiza, ibikoresho byo gusiga, hamwe nibikoresho byo kubaga bisaba ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira uburyo bukomeye bwo gusura no kwanduza burimo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

Ejo hazaza h'ubushyuhe burwanya ubushyuhe

Imbaraga z'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere zikomeje gutera imipaka yo kurwanya ubushyuhe muri polymers. Ibikoresho bishya hamwe na Tg na TD hejuru ya TD biratezwa imbere, tanga ubundi buryohe kugirango ushimangire. Byongeye kandi, intego yo kwibanda ku mahame arambye aganisha ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ubushyuhe bushingiye ku bibuga bishingiye ku birenge bigabanijwe.

Umwanzuro

Polymes-inzabibu zirwanya ubushyuhe zigira uruhare runini mugutanga ibice byinshi kandi byizewe byo gusaba ibyifuzo byinganda. Gusobanukirwa kumiterere yingenzi nuburyo buboneka butuma injeniyeri n'abashushanya guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kubikenewe byihariye. Mugihe ejo hazaza hajyambere, ejo hazaza haratanga amasezerano yo kurushaho kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, bikarushaho gusunika imipaka kubyo bigerwaho mubidukikije.