1. Plastiki ni iki?
Plastike ni polymeric compound ikozwe muri monomer nkibikoresho fatizo binyuze mubyongeweho cyangwa polymerisiyonike.
Urunigi rwa polymer ni Photopolymer niba ari polymerized kuva monomer imwe.Niba hari monomers nyinshi mumurongo wa polymer, polymer ni copolymer.Muyandi magambo, plastike ni polymer.
2. Ibyiciro bya plastiki
Plastike irashobora kugabanywa muri plastiki ya thermoplastique na thermosetting ukurikije leta nyuma yo gushyuha.
Amashanyarazi ya Thermosetting ni plastiki ifite imiterere yo gushyushya, gukiza no kudashonga, ntabwo ishonga.Iyi plastiki irashobora gukorwa rimwe gusa.
Mubisanzwe bifite imikorere myiza yamashanyarazi, kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Ariko ibibi byayo nyamukuru nuko umuvuduko wo gutunganya utinda kandi gutunganya ibintu biragoye.
Bimwe mubisanzwe bya plasitiki ya termosetting harimo:
Fenolike ya fenolike (kubikoresho byinkono);
Melamine (ikoreshwa muri laminate ya plastike);
Epoxy resin (kubifata);
Polyester idahagije (kuri hull);
Vinyl lipide (ikoreshwa mumibiri yimodoka);
Polyurethane (kubirenge hamwe nifuro).
Thermoplastique ni ubwoko bwa plastiki ishobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe runaka, igakomera nyuma yo gukonja, kandi ishobora gusubiramo inzira.
Kubwibyo, thermoplastique irashobora gukoreshwa.
Ibikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa inshuro zigera kuri zirindwi mbere yuko imikorere yabo yangirika.
3. Gutunganya plastike nuburyo bwo gukora
Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya bukoreshwa mugukora plastiki kuva mubice mubicuruzwa bitandukanye byarangiye, ibikurikira birakoreshwa cyane:
Gutera inshinge (uburyo bwo gutunganya cyane);
Gukubita ibishushanyo (gukora amacupa n'ibicuruzwa bidafite akamaro);
Gushushanya ibicuruzwa (kubyara imiyoboro, imiyoboro, imyirondoro, insinga);
Hisha firime (gukora imifuka ya plastike);
Kuzunguruka (gukora ibicuruzwa binini bidafite umwobo, nk'ibikoresho, buoys);
Gukora icyuho (umusaruro wo gupakira, agasanduku ko gukingira)
4. Ibyiza nibisabwa bya plastiki isanzwe
Plastike irashobora kugabanywamo plastiki rusange, plastiki yubuhanga, plastiki idasanzwe yubuhanga nibindi.
Rusange rusange: bivuga plastike ikoreshwa cyane mubuzima bwacu, ubwinshi bwubwoko bwa plastike burimo cyane cyane: PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS nibindi.
Ubwubatsi bwa plastiki: plastike ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byubwubatsi nkibisimbuza ibyuma mugukora ibice byimashini, nibindi.
Ibikoresho bya plastiki yubuhanga bifite imikorere myiza yuzuye, gukomera cyane, kunyerera, imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza, kubika amashanyarazi neza, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mubidukikije bikabije bya chimique na physique igihe kirekire.
Kugeza ubu, plastike eshanu zisanzwe zubaka: PA (polyamide), POM (polyformaldehyde), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PC (polyakarubone) na PPO (polifhenyl ether) ikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye nyuma yo guhinduka.
Amashanyarazi adasanzwe yubuhanga: plastike yubuhanga idasanzwe yerekana ubwoko bwa plastiki yubuhanga ifite imikorere yuzuye yuzuye, imikorere idasanzwe nibikorwa byiza, hamwe nubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire bwo gukoresha hejuru ya 150 ℃.Ahanini ikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, amashanyarazi, inganda zidasanzwe nizindi nzego zikoranabuhanga.
Hano hari polifhenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), polyether ether ketene (PEEK), polymer yamazi ya kirisiti (LCP), nylon yubushyuhe bwo hejuru (PPA), nibindi.
5. Plastiki ibora ni iki?
Plastiki dusanzwe dukoresha ni macromolecules zifite urunigi rurerure zifite polimerize cyane kandi bigoye gusenywa mubidukikije.Gutwika cyangwa kumena imyanda birashobora guteza ibyago byinshi, abantu rero bashakisha plastiki yangirika kugirango bagabanye umuvuduko wibidukikije.
Plastike yangirika igabanijwemo cyane plastike ishobora gufotorwa hamwe na plastiki ibora.
Amashanyarazi ya Photodegradable: Mubikorwa byumucyo nubushyuhe bwa ultraviolet, urunigi rwa polymer muburyo bwa plastike rwacitse, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kwangirika.
Ibinyabuzima byangiza ibinyabuzima: Mugihe cyimiterere karemano, mikorobe mvaruganda muri kamere isenya iminyururu miremire yimiterere ya polymer, hanyuma amaherezo ibice bya pulasitike bigogorwa kandi bigahinduka mikorobe mu mazi na dioxyde de carbone.
Kugeza ubu, plastiki yangirika hamwe nubucuruzi bwiza harimo PLA, PBAT, nibindi
Igihe cyo kohereza: 12-11-21